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Subject Index
A
- Absorbing barrier, 37
- Acceptance function, 47
- Acceptance ratio (initial), 56
- Action, 4, 71
- Action potential, 18, 21
- Activation,
- (monotonic), 53
- instantaneous, 49, 52
- level, 23
- reference, 51
- rule, 59
- Activation function, 130
- gaussian function 42
- ramp function 42
- sigmoidal function 42
- step function 42
- Adaptive system, 9
- Adiabatic hypothesis, 80
- Algorithm, 30
- feedback, 42
- feed-forward, 42
- All-or-none, 3, 22, 73
- Annealing, 45, 46, 71, 202
- Analyser, 191
- Angular frequency, 131
- Antiferromagnetic, 74
- Artificial cooling temperature, 47
- Artificial network, 1, 32
- Associative array, 34
- Associated memory, 13
- Average energy, 54
- Axon, 18
- Axoplasm, 18
B
- Backpropagation, 71
- Basis function, 42
- Bayes (probability of) error, 183
- Bernoulli function, 103, 104
- Biochemical,
- activity, 13, 20
- effect, 26, 141
- Biomime, 8
- Blood vessels, 17
- Bonds, 149, 201
- Boltzmann
- distribution, 47
- energy, 44
- machine, 49, 61
- statistics, 46
- Brain complex, 15, 17
- Browns martingale
- central limit theorem, 161
- Brownian movement, 136
- Burst discharge (pattern), 87
- Bursting (spontaneous), 87
C
- Cauchy/Lorentzian distribution, 48
- Cauchy machine, 48
- Cerebellum, 17
- Cerebrum, 17
- Cerebral cortex, 20
- Cerebrospinal fluid, 18
- Central limit theorem, 112
- Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, 114
- Central nervous system, 17
- Chemical potential, 65
- Clamped mode, 63
- Classifier, 191
- Cognitive
- faculties, 11
- process, 13
- Cognitive science, 12, 13
- Colored noise (band-limited), 112
- Collective activity, 15
- Collective movement, 130, 144
- Combinatoric (part), 121
- Compacta, 163
- Complex automata, 1
- Connectionist (model), 47, 60
- Conservation principle, 43
- Consensus function, 48, 50
- Continuum (model), 39
- Controlling information, 167
- Cooling
- polynomial time, 55
- rate, 55
- schedule, 47, 55,
- temperature, 47
- Cooperative process, 72
- Corpuscular motion, 132
- Correlator, 191
- Cost function, 46, 51
- Cramer-Rao bound, 121
- Criticality, 68
- precursor of, 68
- Critical temperature, 49
- Cross-entropy, 57, 165
- Cross talk, 165
- Curie point, 28, 78
- (Curie temperature)
- Current stimulus, 24
- Cybernetics, 1, 6, 11, 48, 160
- Cybernetic complex, 68
- Cybernetic network, 86
- C3I, 9, 15
- Cyclic boundary conditions, 82
D
- Dales law, 22
- Decision procedure, 10
- Declarative (message), 161
- Degeneracy, 28, 76
- (nondegenerate), 78
- Degree of optimality, 59
- Degree of organization, 169
- Delocalized states, 150
- Delta rule, 53
- (Widrow-Hoff rule)
- Dendrites, 18
- Depolarization, 23
- Descriptive (message), 161
- Detailed balance, 150
- Detailed balanced principle, 90
- Deterministic decision, 52
- Dichotomous potential, 8
- Discrete time-step, 51
- Disorganization, 7, 12, 160, 171
- Disordered state, 79
- Disturbance, 47
- Distance
- parameter, 58
- function, 165
- Duality principle, 36
E
- Edward-Anderson parameter, 66
- Effective model, 10
- Effective procedure, 30
- Effectors, 16
- Electrical activity, 20, 142
- Encoder, 191
- End-bulb, 19
- Energy function, 46, 54
- Energy spread, 54
- Energy state
- minimum, 45
- Entropy, 4, 6, 72
- at equilibrium, 59
- thermodynamical, 65
- Ergodicity, 54, 98
- Exchange interaction, 74
- Excitation function, 130
- Excitatory, 22, 73
- (postsynaptic potential)
- Expected cost, 59
- Extensive
- phenomenon, 27
- quantity, 70, 131
- regime, 112
- Extrapolator, 191
- (ECG, EEG, EMG), 25
F
- Fast-simulated annealing (FSA), 48
- Fault-tolerant, 17
- Feature map, 40
- Feedback
- control, 7
- negative, 9
- Feed-forward, 13
- Ferromagnetic, 74
- Finite-automata, 10, 30
- Firing activity, 36
- (non-firing activity)
- Fixed weight network, 41
- Flow-of-activation, 44
- Formal neuron, 25, 73
- Frame language, 190
- Free energy, 45, 134, 208
- thermodynamic, 64
- Free-point
- dipoles, 5
- molecules, 97
- Free-running mode, 63
- Frustration, 203
- Fokker-Planck
- relation, 111
- equation, 116
- Function
- activation, 42
- gaussian, 42
- ramp, 42
- sigmoidal, 42
- step, 42
G
- Gain factor, 59
- Gaussian
- machine, 53
- statistics, 83
- Generalization error, 68
- Generating
- function, 46
- probability density, 47
- Gibbs
- ensemble, 64
- statement, 54
- free energy, 135
- Glauber dynamics, 91, 211
- (single spin-glass)
- Glia, 17
- cell, 17, 26
- Global minimum, 46
- Goal pursuit problem, 163
- Graded output, 53
- Granule cell, 20
- Group velocity, 132
- Guptas transformation, 161
H
- Hamiltons first and second equations, 133
- Hamiltonian, 4, 72
- Hardware, 10
- Hard spin, 202
- Hartley-Shannons law, 162
- Hebbs rule, 32
- Heisenberg model (isotropic), 105
- Helmoltz free-energy, 135
- Homeostatis, 6, 9
- Hopfield
- machine, 53
- model/net/network, 28, 87, 154
- Hyperbolic tangent function, 104
- Hermitian, 149
- Hyperpolarized, 75
- Hypopolarized, 75
I
- Information
- capacity, 162
- gain, 180
- processing, 2, 13
- theoretic, 121, 161
- Informatics, 160
- knowledge-base, 7
- Informational wave, 130
- Inhibitory, 22, 73
- (postsynaptic potential)
- Interaction mechanism, 13
- Interactive matrix, 33
- Interacting neurons, 94-96
- Interconnected units, 2
- Ising spin, 27, 94-96, 204
- Isotropic molecular arrangement, 98
J
- Jensen-Shannon divergence, 182
- J-divergence, 183
- Jordon canonical form, 211
K
- Kullback measure, 183
- Kybernetic (principles), 8
L
- Lagrangian, 4,72
- formalism, 89
- Langevin
- equation, 110
- force equation, 136
- machine, 106
- modified function, 103, 104, 108
- Latent summation (period), 22
- Lattice gas, 149
- Least squares error, 41
- Learning
- behavior, 32
- Hebbian, 41, 84, 90
- naive, 68
- process, 162
- supervised, 40, 62
- through experience, 11
- unsupervised, 40, 62
- Legendre transformation, 65
- Linear least squares estimator, 122
- Linear logorithmic weighting, 126
- Liquid crystal, 5
- model, 94
- Littles model, 78, 91, 152, 210
- Local minima, 46
- Locally stable states, 46
- Logical neuron, 25, 35, 73
- Long-range (orientational) order, 5, 27, 78, 86
- Lorentzian relation, 114
- Low-pass action, 123
- Lyapunov function, 54, 88
M
- Machine, 47
- intelligence, 9
- Machine-like, 10
- Macrocosm, 9
- Magnetism, 196
- Magnetic material
- antiferro, 196-197
- ferro, 196-197
- ferri, 196-197
- para, 196-197
- Magnetic spin, 4, 27, 74, 96
- Markov chain, 50, 57
- Markovian process, 36, 79-80, 90
- Massively parallel, 2, 13
- Master equation, 90
- Mathematical neuron, 25, 28, 73
- McCulloch-Pitts machine, 52
- Mesomorphous state, 97
- Mean firing rate, 22
- Memory, 2, 7, 11, 13
- content addressable, 40, 63, 88
- distribution, 40
- function, 39
- intermediate, 79
- long term, 39, 79
- process, 162
- short term, 40, 79
- Memoryless (model), 112
- Metastability, 74
- Metastable (state), 45
- Metropolis criterion, 51, 52
- Microscopic reversibility, 77
- Mnemonic equation, 162
- Moderate time-scale, 86
- Module, 25
- Modular net, 26, 29
- Molecular free-point dipoles, 5
- Momentum
- density, 134
- flow, 4, 131
- flux density, 134
- Monodic part, 121
- Mossy fibers, 161
- Motoneurons, 18
- Myelin, 18
N
- Nemetic phase, 5, 97
- Nerve cells, 17
- Network
- fixed weight, 41
- feedback, 42
- feed-forward, 42
- Hopfield, 42
- Neurobiology, 12, 13
- Neurocybernetics, 5, 160
- Neuroglia, 17
- Neuromimetic, 1
- Neurotransmitter, 2
- Neuron, 17
- doctrine, 31
- input, 41
- output, 41
- Neuronic equation, 162
- Neutral
- activity, 7
- continuum, 39
- complex, 7, 11, 15
- dynamics, 130, 147
- environment, 16
- field theory, 130
- flow, 38
- net, 26
- Neuronal particle, 132, 135
- Normal state, 8
- Nonlinear stochastical equation, 110
- Null information, 161
O
- Objective
- disorganization, 178
- function, 45, 161
- Octant frame, 190
- Optimum solution, 46
- Order, 15
- function, 102
- general definition of, 85
- parameter, 68
- Ordered state, 79
- Organelles, 97
- Organization of neuron, 74-75
- Organizational deficiency, 167
- Overlap parameter, 66, 220
P
- Paraelectricity, 98
- Parallel connections, 25
- Parallel processing, 91
- Paramagnetism, 98
- Parametric space, 53
- Parametric spread space, 161
- Particle dynamics, 5
- Partition function, 52, 80, 134, 200, 204
- Perception, 33
- Perceptron, 33, 62
- Perceptive attribution, 11
- Peretto model, 89, 152
- Persistent (state), 4, 78
- Phase transition, 81, 86
- Presynaptic
- cell, 21
- membrane, 19
- Plancks constant, 131
- Poissonian (process), 36, 83
- Polarization, 23
- Polarizability, 98
- Postsynaptic membrane, 19
- Potassium channel, 20
- Potential
- barrier, 137
- bidirectional well, 132
- Pragmatics, 169
- Presynaptic cell, 21
- Propagation vector (constant), 131
- Pseudo -
- de Broglie wavelength, 139
- Fermi-level, 151
- inverse rule, 67
- mass (of neuronal particle), 136
- specific heat, 49
- temperature, 47, 51
- thermodynamics, 44
- Purkinje cell, 20
Q
- Quenching, 45, 202
- Quenched random coupling, 91
R
- Random
- noise, 7, 47
- walk (theory)/model, 3, 37
- Reading phase, 41
- Receptors, 16
- Redundant
- information, 161
- system, 25
- Refractory period, 73
- Reinforcement (of learned information), 11
- Replica symmetry ansatz, 67, 220
- Response pattern, 40
- Resting (intracellular)
- potential, 20, 37
- state, 20
- Reticular doctrine, 31
- Reverse cross-entropy (RCE), 57, 165
- Reverberation, 87
- (quasi)
- Robust, 17
S
- Scaling
- approximation, 117
- solution, 117
- Sementics, 169
- Semiotics, 169, 186
- Semi-random telegraphic signal, 114
- Self-consistent
- approximation, 150
- control, 7
- deficiency, 171
- organization, 1
- regulation, 7, 12
- Sementic network, 189
- Sensory array, 34
- Serial processing, 90
- Sharpening schedule, 56
- Shannons (information capacity)
- concept, 162
- Sigmoid (S-shaped), 29, 207
- Signum function, 104
- Simulated annealing, 47
- Singularity (in the learning process), 68
- Sites, 149, 201
- Slow-time evolution process, 112
- Smearing parameter, 83, 141
- Sodium
- channel, 21
- pump, 20
- Software, 10
- Solver, 191
- Specific heat, 49
- Spike-generation, 3
- Spinel-cord, 16, 17
- Spin-flip (single), 91
- (Glauber dynamics)
- Spin-glass, 74, 78, 199
- Squashing function, 59, 103
- Stability dynamics, 110
- Stable states, 164
- Statistical mechanics, 1, 11-12
- non-equilibrium, 88
- nonlinear, 88
- State
- normal, 6
- persistent, 40
- Stationary distribution, 50
- Stochastic(al)
- instability, 118
- process, 4, 7, 13
- Stop criterion, 55
- Storage
- mechanism, 40
- medium, 40
- Structure order, 97
- Subjective disorganization, 177
- Supervised learning, 41, 62
- Synapse, 19
- Synaptic connections, 73
- Syntagma, 190
- Syntagmatic chain, 190
- Syntax, 188
- Symmetry constrains, 9
- System parameter, 51
- first, 59
- second, 59
T
- Teacher, 41
- Temperature factor, 81
- Thermodynamics, 44
- annealing, 45
- third law, 60
- Thinking machine, 162
- Thompson-Gibson model, 85
- Thought process, 162
- Threshold potential, 24
- Time-reversibility, 63
- Tonic firing, 87
- Total energy, 72, 206
- Total entropy, 4
- Training, 41
- Trapping (de-trapping), 46
- Traveling
- salesman problem, 52
- wave, 8
- Turing machine, 26
U
- Uncertainity principle, 141
- Universality, 93
- Universal machine, 10
- Unsupervised learning, 41, 62
V
- Van der Pohl oscillator, 130
- von Neumann random switch, 25, 44
W
- Waiting time, 113
- Wave function, 5, 131
- neuronal, 144
- Wave-mechanics, 141, 147
- Wave-packet, 131
- Weight state, 46
- Widrow-Hoff rule (Delta rule), 53
- Writing phase, 41
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