Network Working Group                                       D. Zimmerman
Request for Comments: 1194           Center for Discrete Mathematics and
Obsoletes: RFC 742                          Theoretical Computer Science
                                                           November 1990


                  The Finger User Information Protocol

Status of this Memo

   This memo defines a protocol for the exchange of user information.
   This RFC specifies an IAB standards track protocol for the Internet
   community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
   Please refer to the current edition of the "IAB Official Protocol
   Standards" for the standardization state and status of this protocol.
   Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Abstract

   This memo describes the Finger User Information Protocol.  This is a
   simple protocol which provides an interface to a remote user
   information program.

   Based on RFC 742, a description of the original Finger protocol, this
   memo attempts to clarify the expected communication between the two
   ends of a Finger connection.  It also tries not to invalidate the
   many existing implementations or add unnecessary restrictions to the
   original protocol definition.

Table of Contents

1.      Introduction  ...........................................   2
  1.1.    Intent  ...............................................   2
  1.2.    History  ..............................................   3
  1.3.    Requirements  .........................................   3
2.      Use of the protocol  ....................................   3
  2.1.    Flow of events  .......................................   3
  2.2.    Data format  ..........................................   4
  2.3.    Query specifications  .................................   4
  2.4.    RUIP {Q2} behavior  ...................................   4
  2.5.    Expected RUIP response  ...............................   5
    2.5.1.  {C} query  ..........................................   5
    2.5.2.  {U}{C} query  .......................................   6
    2.5.3.  {U} ambiguity  ......................................   6
    2.5.4.  /W query token  .....................................   6
    2.5.5.  Vending machines  ...................................   7
3.      Security  ...............................................   7
  3.1.    Implementation security  ..............................   7



Zimmerman                                                       [Page 1]

RFC 1194                         Finger                    November 1990


  3.2.    RUIP security  ........................................   7
    3.2.1.  {Q2} refusal  .......................................   7
    3.2.2.  {C} refusal  ........................................   8
    3.2.3.  Atomic discharge  ...................................   8
    3.2.4.  User information files  .............................   8
    3.2.5.  Execution of user programs  .........................   9
    3.2.6.  {U} ambiguity  ......................................   9
    3.2.7.  Audit trails  .......................................   9
  3.3.    Client security  ......................................   9
4.      Examples  ...............................................  10
  4.1.    Example with a null command line ({C})  ...............  10
  4.2.    Example with name specified ({U}{C})  .................  10
  4.3.    Example with ambiguous name specified ({U}{C})  .......  11
  4.4.    Example of query type {Q2} ({U}{H}{H}{C})  ............  11
5.      Acknowledgments  ........................................  12
6.      Security Considerations  ................................  12
7.      Author's Address  .......................................  12

1.  Introduction

1.1.  Intent

   This memo describes the Finger User Information Protocol.  This is a
   simple protocol which provides an interface to a remote user
   information program (RUIP).

   Based on RFC 742, a description of the original Finger protocol, this
   memo attempts to clarify the expected communication between the two
   ends of a Finger connection.  It also tries not to invalidate the
   many current implementations or add unnecessary restrictions to the
   original protocol definition.

   The most prevalent implementations of Finger today seem to be
   primarily derived from the BSD UNIX work at the University of
   California, Berkeley.  Thus, this memo is based around the BSD
   version's behavior.

   However, the BSD version provides few options to tailor the Finger
   RUIP for a particular site's security policy, or to protect the user
   from dangerous data.  Furthermore, there are MANY potential security
   holes that implementors and administrators need to be aware of,
   particularly since the purpose of this protocol is to return
   information about a system's users, a sensitive issue at best.
   Therefore, this memo makes a number of important security comments
   and recommendations.






Zimmerman                                                       [Page 2]

RFC 1194                         Finger                    November 1990


1.2.  History

   The FINGER program at SAIL, written by Les Earnest, was the
   inspiration for the NAME program on ITS.  Earl Killian at MIT and
   Brian Harvey at SAIL were jointly responsible for implementing the
   original protocol.

   Ken Harrenstien is the author of RFC 742, "Name/Finger", which this
   memo began life as.

1.3.  Requirements

   In this document, the words that are used to define the significance
   of each particular requirement are capitalized.  These words are:

   * "MUST"

      This word or the adjective "REQUIRED" means that the item is an
      absolute requirement of the specification.

   * "SHOULD"

      This word or the adjective "RECOMMENDED" means that there may
      exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore this
      item, but the full implications should be understood and the case
      carefully weighed before choosing a different course.

   * "MAY"

      This word or the adjective "OPTIONAL" means that this item is
      truly optional.  One vendor may choose to include the item because
      a particular marketplace requires it or because it enhances the
      product, for example; another vendor may omit the same item.

   An implementation is not compliant if it fails to satisfy one or more
   of the MUST requirements.  An implementation that satisfies all the
   MUST and all the SHOULD requirements is said to be "unconditionally
   compliant"; one that satisfies all the MUST requirements but not all
   the SHOULD requirements is said to be "conditionally compliant".

2.  Use of the protocol

2.1.  Flow of events

   Finger is based on the Transmission Control Protocol, using TCP port
   79 decimal (117 octal).  A TCP connection is opened to a remote host
   on the Finger port.  An RUIP becomes available on the remote end of
   the connection to process the request.  The RUIP is sent a one line



Zimmerman                                                       [Page 3]

RFC 1194                         Finger                    November 1990


   query based upon the Finger query specification.  The RUIP processes
   the query, returns an answer, then closes the connection normally.

2.2.  Data format

   Any data transferred MUST be in ASCII format, with no parity, and
   with lines ending in CRLF.  This excludes other character formats
   such as EBCDIC, etc.  This also means that any characters between
   ASCII 128 and ASCII 255 should truly be international data, not
   USASCII with the parity bit set.

2.3.  Query specifications

   An RUIP MUST accept the entire Finger query specification.

   The Finger query specification is defined:

        {Q1}    ::= [{U}] [/W] {C}

        {Q2}    ::= [{U}]{H} [/W] {C}

        {U}     ::= username

        {H}     ::= @hostname | @hostname{H}

        {C}     ::= 

   {H}, being recursive, means that there is no arbitrary limit on the
   number of @hostname tokens in the query.  In examples of the {Q2}
   request specification, the number of @hostname tokens is limited to
   two, simply for brevity.

   Be aware that {Q1} and {Q2} do not refer to a user typing "finger
   user@host" from an operating system prompt.  It refers to the line
   that an RUIP actually receives.  So, if a user types "finger
   user@host", the RUIP on the remote host receives "user",
   which corresponds to {Q1}.

   As with anything in the IP protocol suite, "be liberal in what you
   accept".

2.4.  RUIP {Q2} behavior

   A query of {Q2} is a request to forward a query to another RUIP.  An
   RUIP MUST either provide or actively refuse this forwarding service
   (see section 3.2.1).  If an RUIP provides this service, it MUST
   conform to the following behavior:




Zimmerman                                                       [Page 4]

RFC 1194                         Finger                    November 1990


   Given that:

         Host 

opens a Finger connection to an RUIP on host

.

gives the

RUIP a query of type {Q2} (e.g., FOO@HOST1@HOST2). It should be derived that: Host

is the right-most host in (i.e., HOST2) Query is the remainder of after removing the right-most "@hostname" token in the query (i.e., FOO@HOST1) And so: The

RUIP then must itself open a Finger connection to

, using . The

RUIP must return any information received from to

via . The

RUIP must close in normal circumstances only when the

RUIP closes . 2.5. Expected RUIP response For the most part, the output of an RUIP doesn't follow a strict specification, since it is designed to be read by people instead of programs. It should mainly strive to be informative. Output of ANY query is subject to the discussion in the security section. 2.5.1. {C} query A query of {C} is a request for a list of all online users. An RUIP MUST either answer or actively refuse (see section 3.2.2). If it answers, then it MUST provide at least the user's full name. The system administrator SHOULD be allowed to include other useful information (per section 3.2.3), such as: - terminal location - office location - office phone number - job name - idle time (number of minutes since last typed input, or Zimmerman [Page 5] RFC 1194 Finger November 1990 since last job activity). 2.5.2. {U}{C} query A query of {U}{C} is a request for in-depth status of a specified user {U}. If you really want to refuse this service, you probably don't want to be running Finger in the first place. An answer MUST include at least the full name of the user. If the user is logged in, at least the same amount of information returned by {C} for that user MUST also be returned by {U}{C}. Since this is a query for information on a specific user, the system administrator SHOULD be allowed to choose to return additional useful information (per section 3.2.3), such as: - office location - office phone number - home phone number - status of login (not logged in, logout time, etc) - user information file A user information file is a feature wherein a user may leave a short message that will be included in the response to Finger requests. (This is sometimes called a "plan" file.) This is easily implemented by (for example) having the program look for a specially named text file in the user's home directory or some common area; the exact method is left to the implementor. The system administrator SHOULD be allowed to specifically turn this feature on and off. See section 3.2.4 for caveats. There MAY be a way for the user to run a program in response to a Finger query. If this feature exists, the system administrator SHOULD be allowed to specifically turn it on and off. See section 3.2.5 for caveats. 2.5.3. {U} ambiguity Allowable "names" in the command line MUST include "user names" or "login names" as defined by the system. If a name is ambiguous, the system administrator SHOULD be allowed to choose whether or not all possible derivations should be returned in some fashion (per section 3.2.6). 2.5.4. /W query token The token /W in the {Q1} or {Q2} query types SHOULD at best be interpreted at the last RUIP to signify a higher level of verbosity Zimmerman [Page 6] RFC 1194 Finger November 1990 in the user information output, or at worst be ignored. 2.5.5. Vending machines Vending machines SHOULD respond to a {C} request with a list of all items currently available for purchase and possible consumption. Vending machines SHOULD respond to a {U}{C} request with a detailed count or list of the particular product or product slot. Vending machines should NEVER NEVER EVER eat requests. Or money. 3. Security 3.1. Implementation security Sound implementation of Finger is of the utmost importance. Implementations should be tested against various forms of attack. In particular, an RUIP SHOULD protect itself against malformed inputs. Vendors providing Finger with the operating system or network software should subject their implementations to penetration testing. Finger is one of the avenues for direct penetration, as the Morris worm pointed out quite vividly. Like Telnet, FTP and SMTP, Finger is one of the protocols at the security perimeter of a host. Accordingly, the soundness of the implementation is paramount. The implementation should receive just as much security scrutiny during design, implementation, and testing as Telnet, FTP, or SMTP. 3.2. RUIP security Warning!! Finger discloses information about users; moreover, such information may be considered sensitive. Security administrators should make explicit decisions about whether to run Finger and what information should be provided in responses. One existing implementation provides the time the user last logged in, the time he last read mail, whether unread mail was waiting for him, and who the most recent unread mail was from! This makes it possible to track conversations in progress and see where someone's attention was focused. Sites that are information-security conscious should not run Finger without an explicit understanding of how much information it is giving away. 3.2.1. {Q2} refusal For individual site security concerns, the system administrator SHOULD be given an option to individually turn on or off RUIP processing of {Q2}. If RUIP processing of {Q2} is turned off, the RUIP MUST return a service refusal message of some sort. "Finger forwarding service denied" is adequate. The purpose of this is to Zimmerman [Page 7] RFC 1194 Finger November 1990 allow individual hosts to choose to not forward Finger requests, but if they do choose to, to do so consistently. Overall, there are few cases which would warrant processing of {Q2} at all, and they are far outweighed by the number of cases for refusing to process {Q2}. In particular, be aware that if a machine is part of security perimeter (that is, it is a gateway from the outside world to some set of interior machines), then turning {Q2} on provides a path through that security perimeter. Therefore, it is RECOMMENDED that the default of the {Q2} processing option be to refuse processing. It certainly should not be enabled in gateway machines without careful consideration of the security implications. 3.2.2. {C} refusal For individual site security concerns, the system administrator SHOULD be given an option to individually turn on or off RUIP acceptance of {C}. If RUIP processing of {C} is turned off, the RUIP MUST return a service refusal message of some sort. "Finger online user list denied" is adequate. The purpose of this is to allow individual hosts to choose to not list the users currently online. 3.2.3. Atomic discharge All implementations of Finger SHOULD allow individual system administrators to tailor what atoms of information are returned to a query. For example: - Administrator A should be allowed to specifically choose to return office location, office phone number, home phone number, and logged in/logout time. - Administrator B should be allowed to specifically choose to return only office location, and office phone number. - Administrator C should be allowed to specifically choose to return the minimum amount of required information, which is the person's full name. 3.2.4. User information files Allowing an RUIP to return information out of a user-modifiable file should be seen as equivalent to allowing any information about your system to be freely distributed. That is, it is potentially the same as turning on all specifiable options. This information security breach can be done in a number of ways, some cleverly, others straightforwardly. This should disturb the sleep of system administrators who wish to control the returned information. Zimmerman [Page 8] RFC 1194 Finger November 1990 3.2.5. Execution of user programs Allowing an RUIP to run a user program in response to a Finger query is potentially dangerous. BE CAREFUL!! -- the RUIP MUST NOT allow system security to be compromised by that program. Implementing this feature may be more trouble than it is worth, since there are always bugs in operating systems, which could be exploited via this type of mechanism. 3.2.6. {U} ambiguity Be aware that a malicious user's clever and/or persistent use of this feature can result in a list of most of the usernames on a system. Refusal of {U} ambiguity should be considered in the same vein as refusal of {C} requests (see section 3.2.2). 3.2.7. Audit trails Implementations SHOULD allow system administrators to log Finger queries. 3.3. Client security It is expected that there will normally be some client program that the user runs to query the initial RUIP. By default, this program SHOULD filter any unprintable data, leaving only the USASCII characters and CRLF. This is to protect against people playing with VT100 escape codes and changing other peoples' X window names, or committing other dastardly deeds. Two separate user options SHOULD be considered to modify this behavior, so that users may choose to view international data or control characters: - one to allow characters less than ASCII 32 - another to allow characters greater than ASCII 126 For environments that live and breathe international data, the system administrator SHOULD be given a mechanism to enable these options by default for all users on a particular system. This can be done via a global environment variable or similar mechanism. Zimmerman [Page 9] RFC 1194 Finger November 1990 4. Examples 4.1. Example with a null command line ({C}) Site: elbereth.rutgers.edu Command line: Login Name TTY Idle When Office rinehart Mark J. Rinehart p0 1:11 Mon 12:15 019 Hill x3166 greenfie Stephen J. Greenfiel p1 Mon 15:46 542 Hill x3074 rapatel Rocky - Rakesh Patel p3 4d Thu 00:58 028 Hill x2287 pleasant Mel Pleasant p4 3d Thu 21:32 019 Hill 908-932- dphillip Dave Phillips p5 021: Sun 18:24 265 Hill x3792 dmk David Katinsky p6 2d Thu 14:11 028 Hill x2492 cherniss Cary Cherniss p7 5 Mon 15:42 127 Psychol x2008 harnaga Doug Harnaga p8 2:01 Mon 10:15 055 Hill x2351 brisco Thomas P. Brisco pe 2:09 Mon 13:37 h055 x2351 laidlaw Angus Laidlaw q0 1:55 Mon 11:26 E313C 648-5592 cje Chris Jarocha-Ernst q1 8 Mon 13:43 259 Hill x2413 4.2. Example with name specified ({U}{C}) Site: dimacs.rutgers.edu Command line: pirmann Login name: pirmann In real life: David Pirmann Office: 016 Hill, x2443 Home phone: 989-8482 Directory: /dimacs/u1/pirmann Shell: /bin/tcsh Last login Sat Jun 23 10:47 on ttyp0 from romulus.rutgers. No unread mail Project: Plan: Work Schedule, Summer 1990 Rutgers LCSR Operations, 908-932-2443 Monday 5pm - 12am Tuesday 5pm - 12am Wednesday 9am - 5pm Thursday 9am - 5pm Saturday 9am - 5pm larf larf hoo hoo Zimmerman [Page 10] RFC 1194 Finger November 1990 4.3. Example with ambiguous name specified ({U}{C}) Site: elbereth.rutgers.edu Command line: ron Login name: spinner In real life: Ron Spinner Office: Ops Cubby, x2443 Home phone: 463-7358 Directory: /u1/spinner Shell: /bin/tcsh Last login Mon May 7 16:38 on ttyq7 Plan: ught i ca n m a ' ... t I . . i ! m ! ! e p !pool l e H Login name: surak In real life: Ron Surak Office: 000 OMB Dou, x9256 Directory: /u2/surak Shell: /bin/tcsh Last login Fri Jul 27 09:55 on ttyq3 No Plan. Login name: etter In real life: Ron Etter Directory: /u2/etter Shell: /bin/tcsh Never logged in. No Plan. 4.4. Example of query type {Q2} ({U}{H}{H}{C}) Site: dimacs.rutgers.edu Command line: hedrick@math.rutgers.edu@pilot.njin.net [pilot.njin.net] [math.rutgers.edu] Login name: hedrick In real life: Charles Hedrick Office: 484 Hill, x3088 Directory: /math/u2/hedrick Shell: /bin/tcsh Last login Sun Jun 24 00:08 on ttyp1 from monster-gw.rutge No unread mail No Plan. Zimmerman [Page 11] RFC 1194 Finger November 1990 5. Acknowledgments Thanks to everyone in the Internet Engineering Task Force for their comments. Special thanks to Steve Crocker for his security recommendations and prose. 6. Security Considerations Security issues are discussed in Section 3. 7. Author's Address David Paul Zimmerman Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science Rutgers University P.O. Box 1179 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1179 Phone: (908)932-4592 EMail: dpz@dimacs.rutgers.edu Zimmerman [Page 12]